Bonds Present Value Formulas

In this presentation, we will take a look at present value formulas related to bonds. One of the reasons bonds is so important to accounting and finance is because they’re a good example of the term of present value of money. We’re trying to look for an equal measure of money, when we think of bonds and bonds is going to have this relationship between market rates and the stated rate, which helps us to kind of look through and figure out these types of concepts. So even if we don’t work with bonds, in other words, if we’re not planning on issuing bonds, or buying bonds, or knowing anything about bonds not being important to us, the time value of money is a very important concept and bonds is going to be a major tool to help us with that. Why is bonds so useful for learning time value of money, because there’s two types of cash flows with bonds meaning at the end of the time period, we typically are going to get the face amount of the bond that 100,000 similar to a note and then we’ve got the interest payments that are going to happen on a periodic To basis, and therefore we have these two different types of cash flows, that we can use two different formulas for, to think about how to equalize.

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Cash Internal Controls Overview

In this presentation, we’re going to introduce the internal controls related specifically to cash, cash internal control goals, these are going to be the objectives of the internal control system over cash, we want to have the cash handling separate from the record keeping. So whoever is handling the cash, we would like to have them not be the same person doing the record keeping. And therefore we have that separation of duties. We have the person that is entering the data, not having as much of an incentive to steal the cash because they’re not the ones handling the cash, the people handling the cash, know that if they do steal it, the record keeping should pick that up, and they are a separate person. cash receipts are deposited to the bank. We want to make sure that the cash receipts are going to the bank as soon as possible, hopefully on a daily basis, so that we’re not actually emulating cash. We don’t want a cash to be piling up, because if it is then we have a greater risk of theft to happen and greater loss if that does happen.

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