Hello in this lecture we’re going to continue on with the closing process with step four, the final step of the process which will be to close out the draws. Remember that the objective is to have the adjusted trial balance be converted to the post closing trial balance. adjusted trial balance is what we use to create the financial statements. And the difference between the adjusted trial balance and the post closing trial balance will be that we want to have all temporary accounts including draws revenue and expense accounts to be converted to zero and have all that be in the owner capital account meaning the owner capital account will now be including all these accounts underneath it crunched into basically one number, we’re going to do that with a four step process.
Posts with the debit balance tag
Two Step Closing Process
Hello in this presentation we will take a look at a two step closing process. In other words, we will perform the closing process using two journal entries. There’s a couple different ways we can see the closing process, each of them having a pros and cons. The two step process is nice because it allows us to see net income broken out and being closed out directly to the capital account, followed by draws, which is similar to what we see when we actually do the statement of equity, meaning that when we do the statement of owner’s equity, we start with beginning balance and then we increase it by net income and decrease it by drawers or dividends. Because this process is similar to that process, it’s often easy to remember it’s the easiest for me to remember in any case, so we will take a look at the two step closing process.
One Step Closing Process
Hello in this presentation, we will be looking at a one step closing process. In other words, we will be closing out temporary accounts using one journal entry. There’s a few different ways that we can perform the closing process. And there’s benefits and cons to each way of doing it. The one step closing process is the simplest way to do it. And it’s also a way that we can imagine what is happening within the closing process as easily as possible a skill useful when considering what’s happening from time period to time period, and how the financial statements are working. So here we’re going to look at a one step closing process. Remember what the closing process is, it’s going to be a process at the end of the time period that we will be performing.
Bond Retirement
In this presentation, we will discuss the journal entries related to the retirement of bonds. the retirement of bonds just means that we’re going to pay off the bonds in some form or another at some time or another, meaning the bonds are going to go away. Typically, that’ll happen at the maturity date at the end of the bond. So for example, if we have a bond on these terms, with the face amount of 240, the issue price of 198 for 80, for 15 year bonds, they’re going to be semi annual. What would happen is when we put this on the books, we would put it on the books as cash we got for the 198, the bond payable on the books for 240, and then a discount. And then of course, over the life of the bond, we would be paying interest for that 15 year time period two times that’s 30 payments. And then at the end of this we would also be be amortizing out the discount to get rid of it, to make it go away to the interest and then By the end of this time period, the discount would be zero. And we would only be left with a bond on the books. In other words, at the maturity date, we would have something like this on our trial balance, the discount is now zero. And the bond is on the books at 240, which is the face amount of the bond, if it were a premium, it would be it would be the same in that we would be left with just the bond amount and the premium would be gone to zero. And now it’s just like anything else that we don’t have to deal with interest at this point or anything else, we just need to close out the bond. And so it’s just like any other liability, we’re just going to pay at the maturity date. That’s how we’re going to retire it. So this is a 240 credit, we’re going to make it go down by doing the opposite thing to it a debit, and we’re going to pay cash, cash is a debit balance, we need to make it go down. So we’re going to credit cash. So this is going to be our journal entry. We’ll debit the bond make go away, and then we’ll pay off the cash. When we post this then the bond payable will be here. Here, it’s going to go it’s a credit, we’re going to debit it, making it go away to zero, and then the cash has a debit balance, we’re going to credit it making the cash go down. So it’s a pretty straightforward journal entry.
02:12
The only confusing thing about this journal entry is that it happens at the end of the bond term. So when we’re talking about book questions, we often don’t get asked it because usually we’re concentrating on how to calculate the interest how to calculate the face amount of the bond, how to record the bond, how to amortize the the bond, discount or premium. And we don’t really typically get all the way to the end of the bond, the retirement the maturity date, to record the end transaction oftentimes, and it’s a pretty easy transaction if we were to do so. And it’s a lot easier to if we can actually see the trial balance. When you see the trial balance, you say, oh, there’s a liability there. We’re going to pay it just like we would if it were note payable at this time. It needs to go down and then we’re going to pay it off with cash. Now it is possible for us To have a callable bond that we’re going to retire before the end of the bond date before the maturity date. So in other words, in this case, we have the bond on the books of 240,000. And we have the discount of 338 748. And therefore, if we were to calculate the carrying amount, we’d have 240,000 minus 238 748, or two a one 252. This 201 252 is the carrying amount of this bond payable. This is something that we owe in the future. If we can pay it off at this point in time for some cash that’s going to be less than this amount, then we’re going to have a gain resulting in a gain. And if we are paying it off early for something more than this, we’re going to have a loss. So let’s see what that’s going to look like.
03:52
The gain or loss can be confusing here. When we’re talking about a bond. It’s easier to get to that point by just doing the journaling So if we have all this information, especially if we have the trial balance, because then we can see what accounts are debited and credited on the trial balance or which accounts have a debit or credit balance, then it’s a lot easier for us to construct the journal entry. So the first is going to be given to us, we’re going to say that the cash that we’re paying is 230,000. That’s gonna have to just be given in the problem because that’s the callable price that’s how much we’re able to purchase these bonds for. So cash is going to go down because remember, we are buying them back basically, or we’re we’re paying them off early before the maturity date. So it’s going to be 230. Then we’re going to say that the bond payable has to go off the books. Now the bond payables on the books at 240,000, we can see it’s a liability, it has a credit balance. So to take it off the books, we do the opposite thing to it, a debit for whatever it needs to be to make it go to zero, the discount. Same thing we need to do whatever we need to do to make it go to zero because it’s Gotta go away. So when we construct the journal entry, we just know that we just got to do whatever we need to do to make it go to zero. If you have a trial balance in front of you, that’s easy to do, because we can see the discounts on the books at a debit. And we need to do the opposite to make it go down, which is a credit. If you’re looking at a book problem that doesn’t give you a trial balance, and just tells you that the bond is on the books at a discount, then you got to think through it. And one way to think through it might be to say, well, the bonds is a liability, it must be a credit, that discount means that we’re making the bond go down, because it must be decreasing, we’re having it less than the state, the face amount, the sticker price.
05:40
And since it’s a credit, the thing that makes a credit go down would be a debit. So that discount must be a debit because these two are really combined together. And a discount means that we we really the net of the two are below the face amount price, so this must be a debit. So if it were a premium, then this amount be increasing or greater than the face amount, and it would be a credit normal balance. Once we know that this is a, this is a debit normal balance for a discount, then we can do the opposite thing to it to credit it to make it go down. And then of course, we just need to figure out what the difference is we’ve got credits of 230,038 748 minus the 240. Debit means we need a 28 748 debit. And that of course, in this case, I’m going to say it’s a gain loss account here because it could have gone either way. But if it’s a debit here, then it’s on the income statement. That’s going to be a loss. And you just got to basically start to be able to recognize that why would that be a loss? Well, you can think through that. We paid 230 versus the carrying value, or you can also just think well, if it’s a debit on the income statement, It’s acting more like an expense, meaning expenses have debit balances, they go up in the debit direction, and they bring net income down.
07:08
Revenue has a credit balance, it brings net income up. This is acting like a, an expense because it’s a debit balance. If we debit the income statement, it’s going to make net income go down, that means it must be a loss rather than a gain, which we would think would make net income go up. So the other way we can think about this is to is remember, the carrying value is going to be the 240,000 minus the 38 748. So this is kind of a value that we owe on the bond. And it’s a liability, that’s kind of the value we owe and we paid more than the value that we owe. So that’s going to be a loss in this case. And that’s another way you can think through it being a loss. So if we post this out, then we’re going to say that the gain or loss 28 748 Here, making the income statement accounts go up, kind of like an expense bringing net income down. The bond payable will be posted here, it’s going to make the bond payable go to zero. That’s why we are retiring. It’s making it go away. And then we’ve got the discount, it’s going to make the discount go to zero because we’re retiring it as well. And then the cash is going to be here, cash is going to go down. So there’s going to be our transaction. We have the bond payable and discount going away which has to be the case if we’re retiring the bonds. The cash is going down for the early retirement. And we resulted in a loss in order for us to be able to retire the bonds early.
Petty Cash
In this presentation we will talk about how to set up and record a petty cash fund. Setting up a petty cash fund seems like an easy thing to do to have a minimal amount of cash that we can have expenditures for small purchases for however, it can be a little bit tricky to set up the petty cash fund and there is kind of a shortcut to recording transactions for the petty cash fund. So we’ll go over the process of setting up the petty cash fund recording the initial investment in the petty cash fund and then recording the activity from the petty cash fund. Now the objective of course in this will be to have not just the checking account where we need authorization in order to take money out of the checking account, we would typically want anything going out of the checking account to be by electronic fund transfer or by cheque so that we have a clear paper trail of what is going on the petty cash However, if we just have some small items that we need to take care of with cash and as to convenient to have small items with cash to be paid.
Bank Reconciliation-Accounting%2C Financial
Hello, in this lecture, we’ll discuss a bank reconciliation. At the end of this, we will be able to describe what a bank reconciliation is perform a bank reconciliation, make a needed adjustments to our books in the reconciliation process, as well as record those adjustments. So this is going to start off the bank reconciliation process. We’ll start off with, of course, the bank statement. So the bank statement is going to come from the bank, generally, it happens at the end of the month, although we could get it electronically at any timeframe. But typically, it’s still good to get it as of the end of the month so that we can have a set timeframe as to when we’re going to reconcile our account and deal with the timing differences at that time. So this bank statement coming from the bank is going to be as of the end of February in this case, and we’ll have a typical information on a bank statement, which will be that we will have the beginning balance, and then we’re going to have the additions to it generally our deposits and then we’re going to have the corrections to it.
Weighted Average Periodic System
In this presentation we will discuss the weighted average inventory method using a periodic system. The weighted average method as opposed to a first in first out or last In First Out method, the periodic system as opposed to a perpetual system. We want to keep the other systems in mind as we work through this comparing and contrasting. We’re going to be working with this worksheet entering this information here. It’s important to note that this worksheet is a worksheet that can typically be used with any of these inventory flow type problems of which there are many. We have first out last in first out the average method. And then we have a perpetual and periodic system which can be used with any of those methods. It’s also possible for questions to ask for just one component such as cost of goods sold or Indian inventory, and therefore it can seem like there’s more types of problems that we can have in that format as well. If we set up everything in a standard way, even if that weighs a little bit longer for some types of problems, it may be easier because we can just memorize that one format to set things up, this would be a format to do that.
Last In First Out LIFO Periodic
In this presentation we will discuss the lastin first out inventory system on a periodic basis rather than a perpetual basis. As we go through this process, we want to always be comparing those to one, the LIFO or lastin first out system to other systems such as first in first out and average, as well as comparing the perpetual system to the periodic system. We’re going to go through this by looking at a problem the problem going into a worksheet such as this, I do recommend learning this worksheet. This worksheet should look repetitive if you seen the first in first out presentation as well as presentations for the perpetual system.
Adjusting Entry Supplies 5
Hello in this lecture, we’re going to record an adjusting entry related to supplies. Remember that adjusting entries are going to have their own set of rules, you want to keep them separate in your head. They are still journal entries, and they follow the journal entry rules. But if we know that we are dealing with adjusting entries, we can apply an additional set of rules to help us to understand what the journal entry will be. For example, the adjusting entries will all be at the end of the time period, the end of the month or the end of the year. And if we take a look at the supplies account, we also know that typical adjusting entries will always have an account in the balance sheet section in terms of the trial balance that’s going to be somewhere up above this owner’s capital account. So we look for an account on the trial balance related to this supplies. on the balance sheet we said how about supplies and we also note that the supplies, the adjusting entries will have an account below the equity section below the owner’s capital in the income statement, revenue and expenses.
Rules for Using Debits & Credits 210
Hello. In this presentation we’re going to discuss rules for debits and credits, how to make accounts go up and down using debits and credits. objectives, we will be able to at the end of this define rules to make accounts go up and down, apply rules to make accounts go up and down and explain how rules are used to construct journal entries. When considering these rules that will be applied, the rule will be very simple to apply once we understand the normal balances or have memorized or are using a cheat sheet in order to know what those normal balances are. There’s no getting around just memorizing the normal balances. That’s where most of the time will take place. Once we know what those normal balances are, we’re going to want to do things to those normal balances. We’re going to want to be increasing or decreasing those normal balances in some way.