Combined Leverage 525

Corporate Finance PowerPoint presentation. In this presentation, we will discuss combined leverage, get ready, it’s time to take your chance with corporate finance, combined leverage. Remember when we’re thinking about the term leverage, there’s typically two types of leverage that come into our minds. One is going to be the financial leverage the others the operating leverage the financial leverage, probably the one that pops into most people’s mind, if they’re familiar with leverage that being related to the debt in the organization and the risk and reward related to different levels of debt depending on the circumstances. And then we have the operating leverage, which has to do with the mix between the variable costs and the costs and the in the fixed costs.

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Financial Leverage 520

Corporate Finance PowerPoint presentation. In this presentation, we will discuss financial leverage, get ready, it’s time to take your chance with corporate finance, financial leverage. Now remember, when you hear the term leverage, you’re typically thinking of two different categories, that being financial leverage. And then the operating leverage the financial leverage, usually the one that most people think of when they think of leverage having to do with the leverage related to the debt, the operating leverage having to do with their leverage related to the cost structure between the variable cost and the fixed cost, the operating leverage having the leverage component when you have the in the fixed costs.

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Statement of Retained Earnings 230

Corporate Finance PowerPoint presentation. In this presentation, we will discuss the statement of retained earnings Get ready, it’s time to take your chance with corporate finance statement of retained earnings. So remember that as we think about the financial statements in total, the financial statements are basically answering questions that users of the financial statements would have. So for example, if we were thinking about investing into a company, the financial statements would help us answer the question as to how does the company stand at this point in time? How does the company look from a financial standpoint at this point, that is the balance sheet, the balance sheet gives you the assets, liabilities, equity, assets minus liabilities, being basically the book value being basically where the company stands at a point in time.

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Income Statement Overview 225

Corporate Finance PowerPoint presentation. In this presentation, we’re going to continue on discussing the income statement. Get ready, it’s time to take your chance with corporate finance income statement continued. Remember that as we think about the financial statements, we can break them out into basically two objectives that an investor might have the investor would want to know two general things one, where does the company stand at a point in time with their approximate value as of a point in time? And two? What is the likelihood of their performance in the future? What how well, will they do in the future? How can we predict how well they will do, we’re going to base it on past performance. So the point in time statement is going to be the balance sheet. So remember, if you’re looking at financial statements, for the year ended, say, December 31, the balance sheet will be as of a point in time and therefore as of December 31, it will not be a range. Whereas if you’re looking at a time frame, meaning the beginning to the end of the period, so if you’re looking for financial statements for the period ended, or the year ended, December 31, then the income statement, the primary timing statement, will be represented, it’ll say January through December or for the year ended December 31.

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Balance Sheet Continued 215

Corporate Finance PowerPoint presentation. In this presentation, we will go into more detail about the balance sheet. Get ready, it’s time to take your chance with corporate finance, balance sheet continued. Remember when we’re thinking about the financial statements, we can break them out to two separate objectives. If we’re considering this from an investor standpoint, that is, where does the company stand at a point in time, and what’s the likelihood or their earnings potential in the future, which we will typically based on past performance, therefore, you’re going to have the timing statement and the point in time type of statement. So when we think about the balance sheet, that’s going to be the point in time type of statements. So if you’re looking at the financial statements for the year ended December 31, the balance sheet will be as of the end of the period, in this case, December 31, as opposed to the timing statements, which are going to be the income statement being the primary statement that should come to mind measuring performance, which will be as of January through December 31 measure and how well we did for that range of time. So our focus over here is going to be on the balance sheet.

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Financial Statements Overview 205

Corporate Finance PowerPoint presentation. In this presentation, we will give an overview of financial statements Get ready, it’s time to take your chance with corporate finance, financial statement overview, the financial statements will be the primary tool that will be used to value the company, the financial statements are going to be generated from the company.

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Consolidated Earnings Per Share

Advanced financial accounting PowerPoint presentation. In this presentation we will discuss consolidated earnings per share, get ready to account with advanced financial accounting, consolidated earnings per share, how do we calculate the earnings per share for a consolidated entity, the basic calculation for the earnings per share will in essence be the same as for a single Corporation. So there’s not too much difference between the consolidated earnings per share calculations and the basic earnings per share for one entity one Corporation. So the basic earnings per share is is computed by deducting income to the non controlling interest and any preferred dividend requirement of the parent from the consolidated net income. So we’re going to take the net income and then we’re going to deduct income to the non controlling the non controlling interest and any preferred dividend requirement. In other words, we’re going to take the consolidated net income and then remove or deduct income to the non controlling interest and and in preferred dividend requirement, then we’re going to take that number, the amount resulting is divided by the weighted average number of the parents common shares outstanding during the period covered. So it’s a pretty straightforward calculation for the basic earnings per share, we do have practice problems on it. However, if you want to brush up on calculating the basic earnings per share, we have that there. diluted consolidated earnings per share is going to be a more complex calculation.

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Forward Exchange Financial Instruments

Advanced financial accounting PowerPoint presentation. In this presentation we will discuss forward exchange of financial instruments get ready to account with advanced financial accounting, forward exchange financial instruments let’s start off with some definitions starting off with financial instrument itself will be either cash evidence of ownership or a contract that imposes on one entity on contractual obligation to deliver cash or another instrument and conveys to the second entity, the contractual right to receive cash or another financial instrument. That of course, being the most complex component here. So let’s read that one more time. The financial instrument a contract that imposes on one entity a contractual obligation to deliver either cash or another instrument and conveys to the second party the second party in this item, the second entity, the contractual right to of course, receive the cash or another financial instrument derivative. So a derivative, financial instrument or other contract whose value is derived from some other item that has a value that varies over time. So let’s think about that one more time again, derivative financial instruments or other contracts whose value is derived from, they’re going to get the value from some other item that has a value. That is that varies over time, meaning of course, that it will be changing over time. So let’s think about the derivative characteristics. And then we’ll apply these to the component of what we’re considering here. foreign currency and foreign currency transactions in terms of typically foreign currency type hedge transactions.

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